数字前缀

数字前缀 （英語：Numeral prefix） 是派生于数词或其他数字的前缀。在英语和其他欧洲语言，这些前缀用来造一系列包含表示数量信息的词。

数字前缀有拉丁语、希腊语、梵语三种，但主要使用前两者。

具体例子如下：

希臘語及拉丁語中，数分四种：

对于百位数，有来自拉丁语的 -gent-，以及加上为1–9的前缀的 -cent- 两种。

e.g. hemisphere

universe, unilateral

"一", "单"

e.g. monogamy

holo- (整个/完整)

e.g. holocaust, holography

hen-[4] 罕见

hapax- ("单次")

haplo-[4] (单倍)

monad- ("单位/单元")

e.g. proton, protozoa

quasquicentennial

e.g. sesquicentennial, sesquipedalian

bireme, bilingual,

bipolar, bipartisan

dyo-

dyakis- ("两次") 罕见

diplo- ("双倍")

dyad- ("一对")

e.g. Deuteron/ium

Deuteronomy

deuteraio-

(“每隔一天”)

e.g. trireme

e.g. triathlon,

Tripolis

triakis- ("三次") 罕见

triplo- ("三倍")

triad- (”三个一组“)

e.g. Triton/ium

tritaio- ("每隔两天")

quadru-[11]

tessara-

("四次")

tetraplo- (”四倍“)

tetrad- (”四个一组“)

e.g. tetrahedron

tetartaio-

(”每隔三天“)

pentaplo-

pentad-

e.g. pentahedron

pemptaio-

hexaplo-

hexad-

e.g. hexahedron

hectaio-

septi-

e.g. heptathlon

heptaplo-

heptad-

hebdomaio-

("每隔六天")

hebdomas ("一周")

e.g. October

e.g. octopus

octaplo-

octad-

e.g. octahedron

ogdoaio-

e.g. November

enneaplo-

ennead-

enataio-

e.g. decathlon,

Decapolis

e.g. decahedron,

decagon

decataio-

e.g. duodenum

dodecadactylum

e.g. dodecahedron

decatria- e.g.

triskaidekaphobia

decatria/kis/plo/d-

etc.

decatettara,

decatessara-

decatetra/kis/plo/d-

e.g. tetradecahedron/

decatetrahedron

decapente-

decapentakis- etc.

sexdec- (但是有混种词 hexadecimal[19])

hekkaideca-,

decahex-

decahexakis- etc.

decahepta-

decaheptakis- etc.

decaocto-

decaoctakis- etc.

novendec-

decaennea-

decaenneakis- etc.

vigen-

e.g. (e)icosahedron

dyo(e)icosi- rare

e.g. docosa-hexaenoic acid

a pejoration of dyoicosa-hexanoic

(e)icosidiplo-

(e)icosidyad-

(e)icosikaitettara-

rare

(e)icositetraplo-

(e)icositetrad-

e.g. (e)icositetragon

eicosapenta-enoic acid

(e)icosipentaplo-

(e)icosipentad-

e.g. triacontahedron

triacontahenaplo-

triacontahenad-

triacostoprotaio-

tessaraconta-

tessaracontakis- etc.

e.g. penteconter

e.g. pentecost

e.g. Septuagint

hundred times

hecatontaplo-

hundred-multiple

hecatontad-

hundred of a kind

also abbreviated in

hec[aton]tad-

hundredth

hecatostaio-

the hundredth day

bicenten-

tercenten-,

tricenten-

triacosaplo-

triacosad-

quatercenten-,

quadricenten-

quincent-[49]

quingenten-,

quincenten-

sexcenten-

septingenten-,

septcenten-

octingenten-,

octocenten-

derived from

en(n)iacosia-,

a pejoration of

enneacosia-

alt. spelling

en(n)iacosiost(o)-

a pejoration of

enneacosiosto-

kilo-

chiliaplo-

chiliad-

e.g. myriapoda

decakischilia-

myriaplo-

myriad-

decakischiliakis- etc.

decakischiliosto-

hecatontakis

chilia-

hecatontakis

chiliakis-

("十万次")

hecatommyriaplo-

("十万倍")

hecatommyriad-

("十万个一组")

(第十万；或十万之一)

hecatommyriostaio-

("每隔九万九千九百九十九天")

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria-

hecatommyriakis-

hecatommyria- and so on -

virtually endless

hecatommyriakis-

(1–20)

e.g. pauciparous

e.g. oligomer, oligonucleotide, oligopeptide, oligosaccharide, oligopoly

(> 1)

e.g. multilingual, multiple

pluri

e.g. plural wife, pluralism

e.g. polyhedra, polygamy, polypod, polyglot, polymath

("多次")

pollaplo-

(”多次“)

plethos, plethora

(”多个为一组“)

(次序中排在第一后的， 即序数大于1)

同样的后缀可用于不同数：

在化学命名中，11（undeca-）这个前缀混合了拉丁语和希腊语，并以 -cos- 表示二十，例如 tricos- 是 23。同样，表示进位制的 binary, trinary, senary 和 octal, decimal, vigesimal